How a PhD in STEM education is shaping the future of classrooms

When we think about inspiring the next generation of problem-solvers, it all starts with how we teach today. For Deakin PhD candidate Samantha Bothe, that means exploring how integrated STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education is taught in Australia’s Bachelor of Education (Primary) programs – and how we can do it better.

Why Samantha’s research in integrated STEM matters

While integrated STEM is increasingly important in education, units in Australia’s Bachelor of Education (Primary) programs vary in design and delivery. These differences can influence graduate outcomes and lead to variations in the overall quality of STEM teaching in primary classrooms.

Samantha’s PhD investigates the reasoning behind these curriculum choices and the conditions shaping how units are developed and delivered.

‘There is a growing imperative to include integrated STEM in initial teacher education (ITE),’ Samantha explains, ‘but there is limited research data on the rationale behind the design of integrated STEM units in ITE or on the conditions that influence how these units are designed and implemented.’

By understanding these factors, her research aims to identify ways to improve teacher preparation, ensuring future primary teachers are confident and equipped to deliver high-quality STEM education.

What drives change in STEM education?

At the heart of Samantha’s research is a desire to bridge the gap between theory and practice.

‘I aim for my research to have an impact in two key ways,’ she says. ‘Firstly, I contribute to new knowledge in the field, particularly through my theoretical framework and research results. Secondly, I seek a practical application of my findings, such as a set of guiding principles or a roadmap, to support the design and implementation of integrated STEM in Bachelor of Education (Primary) programs in Australia.’

This dual focus ensures her research benefits both policymakers and teacher educators, ultimately shaping how primary teachers are prepared to inspire the next generation of problem-solvers.

Why a PhD?

For Samantha, pursuing a PhD in STEM education was about more than research – it was a chance to expand her impact, grow professionally and strengthen her role in shaping future teachers.

‘For me, it has involved interviewing participants, presenting at conferences and networking,’ she says. ‘The people you meet in your discipline area are instrumental in building potential future research collaborations and work opportunities. It’s through these conversations that ideas evolve and you begin to see how your research connects to the bigger picture.’

Having worked in academia for many years, undertaking a PhD felt like a natural next step.

‘I have worked in academia for a long time, gradually completing studies that led to undertaking a PhD,’ Samantha explains. ‘To further my career in academia, I am required to have a PhD. For me, this was as much about professional necessity as it was about the opportunity to contribute something meaningful to the field of education.’

Why choose Deakin for your PhD?

Samantha was drawn to Deakin’s strong reputation in education and its high PhD success rate – but it was the sense of community that sealed her decision. ‘My previous studies at Deakin had been positive experiences, and the staff were supportive and friendly. That sense of community was an important factor in my decision.’

How supervisors guide your PhD journey

A key highlight of Samantha’s PhD journey has been the guidance of her supervisors.

Linda Hobbs supervised me when I undertook Deakin’s Graduate Certificate of Education Research, which I completed in 2021. It was mainly because of her that I wanted to have her as my PhD supervisor,’ she says.

‘I have also been working as a sessional academic at Deakin for several years in the science education units that Linda and Lihua Xu chaired, so I knew these supervisors from a teaching perspective. Mandy Cooke joined the supervision team one year into my PhD, bringing valuable insights into the leading theory I am using in my PhD.’

Their support has been both practical and personal.

‘My supervisors have supported me with regular fortnightly meetings to discuss my research. They have provided advice on which conferences would be appropriate for presentations and suggestions for possible publications. Further, they have attended my presentations and provided valuable feedback. Having supervisors who are invested in your success makes all the difference.’

Where can a PhD in STEM education take you?

As her thesis nears completion, Samantha is focused on translating her research into impact.

‘After submission, I plan to publish key findings from my research and engage with education stakeholders to translate my work into practice,’ she says. ‘I aim to obtain an ongoing position as an academic at Deakin and to explore research opportunities with colleagues.

‘This is not the end point of my research – it’s the beginning of building a program of work that can have a sustained impact.’

Advice for future PhD students

‘My advice is to be prepared to change,’ Samantha says. ‘This applies to your ideas about your research and what you write. You may have to write sections multiple times before they start coming together. The PhD is not a linear path – so be prepared to see where it takes you in terms of your research, the people you meet and the opportunities that are offered to you.’

She also stresses the importance of balance.

‘The PhD is a constant, regardless of what else is happening in your life, and it can be a juggle. Prioritise some time for yourself each week to maintain some balance. Without that, it’s too easy to get consumed by the demands of research.’

Explore research with the School of Education

Samantha’s story shows how a PhD can lead to meaningful impact – in STEM education and beyond. At Deakin’s School of Education, researchers are shaping the future of learning across classrooms, communities and policy.

If you’re ready to take your ideas further and contribute to the next generation of educational thinking, explore where a PhD with Deakin could take you.